Do plants really communicate with each other? What is really happening in their words, but a dynamic world? Are they like some of their neighbors better than others? Are they really able to fend off insects attack? Over the past 10 years, with some fascinating research delved into what is actually happening in the plant communities and interactions within and between different species of plants and even insects. Studies have also documented a lively communication between plants and microbes - such as fungi and bacteria - the proportion of living space in the root zone of plants. Other studies have shown that there are overhead mechanisms plants use to signal each other, often in times of trouble.
underground world is really an interesting place and there is a lot going on. In many cases, it is very crowded environment, as well as on the streets of New York or Los Angeles freeway, with steep competition for limited space. However, plants have a distinct disadvantage that we do not have. They can not escape the country home comfort when times are rough, when water and food is in short supply, or when the enemy lurks. They are literally rooted to the land!
happy for them, they are able to use many effective ways to communicate, even though the chemical, rather than in the vocal way. How does all this happen? Who gets the last "word"? Who gets left out and why? To understand the interaction and the rules of the game, it is helpful to understand that there is an intricate balance of nature at work. "Survival of the fittest" mechanism, which pits the weak against the stronger specimens often occur, sometimes even within the same species. And, it's not uncommon for a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship between plants and beneficial fungi, which will be held close to the hostile relationship between the disease caused by pathogens and unsuspecting host.
Scientists have discovered that in many cases, the chemical communicators are secreted from the roots of plants. When I was a student in horticulture, our research team looked at what proved to be a positive outcome of this type of interaction. We grew the seeds of 250 strains of old, never hybridized garden pea (Pisum sativum) in test tubes also contain a common weed seeds. Wow! We were delighted by the fact that 13 strains (originating from countries such as Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Peru) was killed invading weeds through natural herbicides, such as chemicals given off its roots.
Everything makes sense when you think about it. Sometimes, looking to grow bigger, looks perfect fruit, yielding more crops, or even multi-stemmed roses, we lose something valuable in this procesu.Rezultat fruit may not taste quite as good, bumper crops can succumb to opportunistic insects was not a problem before, and $ 10 stalks of roses may miss the smell of the older cultivars have. Fortunately, things are not so one-sided. There are many qualified public and private plant breeders from which to devote their entire career in the identification of disease and insect resistant plants, and through modern scientific methods, are also able to take advantage of genetic engineering.
There are many other plants give off toxins that reject the competing vegetation. Black walnut trees welcome lima beans as a neighbor, but to kill the tomatoes, eggplant and pepper plants and just about everything else! Lantana selectively kill milkweed. And if you want to impress your neighbors, ask them if they are aware that their tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is allelopathic (the scientific term for "a positive or negative effect of one plant to another through chemical release"). Allelopathy is nothing new. Theophrastus, the successor of Aristotle and the early "father of botany," he wrote around 300 BC account to chickpea "exhausts" the soil and killing weeds. But it was only relatively recently that scientists have identified many chemicals involved, thanks to new technologies. In the future, look to the environment of commercial products from these natural weed killer that can reduce the need for synthetic herbicides.
Can plants protect themselves from the population of potentially deadly germs? Although we still have a lot to learn about these complex interactions, we also have some answers. The plants are remarkable natural ways to fending for themselves. They are often faced with an arsenal of attack pathogens and win in the struggle to create their own chemical weapons to secrete from their roots. On the battlefield, they are 'front line' of the family, but living cells (aptly called boundary cells) that give off a dizzying array of biological chemicals that thwart the progress of the enemy.
Plants are dependent on the 'good guy' bacteria and fungi that live in the root zone to provide biological control of diseases. That is why it is always a good idea to use non-chemical measures to prevent and minimize damage caused by the disease as possible, relying on chemical controls only as a last resort. As we learn more about what makes plants tick 'we can better appreciate the mutually beneficial nature of plants and microscopic organisms. Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots in natural settings (mycorrhizae) were found to enhance water and nutrient intake biljaka.Najčešći they enter the stem cell is estimated to be 80-90% of trees, shrub, flower, grass and crop plant species found on earth.A fascinating form of plant-to-plant communication are used for defense against insects include 'conversation' between different plant species.
Plants are dependent on the 'good guy' bacteria and fungi that live in the root zone to provide biological control of diseases. That is why it is always a good idea to use non-chemical measures to prevent and minimize damage caused by the disease as possible, relying on chemical controls only as a last resort. As we learn more about what makes plants tick 'we can better appreciate the mutually beneficial nature of plants and microscopic organisms. Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots in natural settings (mycorrhizae) were found to enhance water and nutrient intake biljaka.Najčešći they enter the stem cell is estimated to be 80-90% of trees, shrub, flower, grass and crop plant species found on earth.A fascinating form of plant-to-plant communication are used for defense against insects include 'conversation' between different plant species.
...Remember those lima beans, which are favored by black walnut? Well, lima beans, like it or not, it could be around for quite some time because these beans can outwit clever spider mites. Scientists at Kyoto University in Japan have discovered that not only lima beans in their chemical release experiment to reduce their flavor, but the same chemicals prompted a whole new wave of protection for their susjeda.Spojevi warned unchanged Lima bean plants that trouble was on its way . These plants, however, sent his arsenal of chemicals not only to deter spider mites, but called the reserve - a type of mite that ate the offending one! Scientists have found that signals from the damaged plants trigger chemicals in the saliva of insects pests.While These examples demonstrate how plants can avoid insect damage through some fancy chemical tricks, some insects are not settling for second place. Not to be outdone, the type of female parasitic wasps can predispose the plant she calls home to produce a scent that attracts males of its species.
There has never been a better opportunity for scientists to apply the lessons learned from the nature of communication systems, modern agricultural and horticultural urban settings than in today svijetu.Brzo broader base of knowledge will probably lead to more biological control of pests, reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides, breeding and selection of resistant varieties and genetically modified plants that are able to avoid or keep attacking organisms.
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